Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly become one of the most frequently referenced concepts in high-performance sport. It is discussed in recruitment, in training planning, in tactical decision-making, and increasingly in sports nutrition. Yet although the term is used widely, the understanding of what AI is, how it works and what the underlying mechanisms are, is often limited. To practitioners sitting in the applied performance space (coaches, sport scientists, nutrition

Vitamin D remains a recurring topic in sport because low vitamin D status is common in athletic populations, particularly during winter at higher latitudes, and because vitamin D has well-established roles in calcium–phosphate homeostasis and skeletal health. Interest has expanded beyond bone, driven by mechanistic evidence that vitamin D receptors are expressed in multiple tissues (including skeletal muscle and immune cells) and by observational reports linking low vitamin D

Supplements are a multi-billion-dollar industry, with the majority of athletes using supplements to support training performance and recovery. However, it is also clear that many supplements are based on wishful thinking rather than evidence, and some supplements on the market have quality issues. Supplements may not contain what you expect, they may also contain ingredients you don’t expect. The label doesn’t always describe accurately what a supplement contains (or the cont